Summer, 2005
New & Noteworthy
SHS Collaborates!
The Book Corner

SHS Collaborates! Audubon Sharon, Brownies, Sharon Center School all partner to further educational opportunities.

Recent collaborative efforts with Audubon Sharon, Sharon Brownie Girl Scout troop 186 and the eighth grade at Sharon Center School have enabled SHS to share what we've known forever-history is fun!

Sharon Center School's sixth grade class recently piloted a joint program held at the Audubon Center and taught by Audubon's Jeff Weiler and SHS's Ed Kirby. During the course of the all-day lesson, the students assemble a room-sized map of the Housatonic Valley watershed, complete with mountains, buildings and even wildlife! After a lunch break, students relate the geology of the land to its history by viewing historic photographs of Sharon, learning about Sharon's industries, and exploring the charcoal mounds on the Audubon property. The lesson combines civics, history, geology, archaeology, math, natural history, map skills and science using the format of a town meeting. Students and teachers were so enthused about the program that we plan to offer it to all schools in the Housatonic Valley watershed.

SHS was excited to team with Sharon's new first and second grade Brownie Girl Scout troop for a program called HerStory. HerStory teamed the twelve troop members with nine women who have lived much of their lives in Sharon. The girls were taught the relation of "oral" history to "written" history, as well as interview techniques. After the interviews were conducted, troop members wrote poems about the lives of the women interviewed. These poems, together with photographs and interview text were turned into a laminated book. Two copies of the book were printed, one for the troop, the other to become part of the SHS permanent collection. Troop leaders Andrea Tufts and Deena Sears led the girls with a remarkable combination of patience and gusto! The girls honored their women partners in a flag ceremony, followed by refreshments, held at the SHS on the afternoon of May 10th.

The morning of May 10th found SHS staff and volunteers in Sharon's Hillside Cemetery with the entire Sharon Center School eighth grade class exploring Sharon's part in the Civil War. After an in-class introduction to the subject presented to three eighth grade history classes by Janet Nickson the previous day, the students were ready to tour the cemetery, view artifacts from the period, and listen to some personal stories. Community members Bob Loucks, Leslie Gottlieb and Barbara Bartram did the honors at the three main stops on the cemetery tour. Many thanks to them for helping students to forge a personal connection between the town of Sharon in the 1860s and the town of Sharon today.

Historic Home Marketplace

SHARON HISTORICAL SOCIETY PLANS GIANT OUTDOOR HOME TRADE SHOW SPONSORED BY PRINDLE INSURANCE Unprecedented Historic Home Marketplace Features Vendors, Artisan Workshops, Historic House Tours, Family Activities and More

Grand Opening Party: Friday, July 1, 6 to 8 pm

Historic Home Marketplace: Saturday, July 2, 10 am to 4 pm

The Sharon Historical Society is planning a giant outdoor fair, Historic Home Marketplace, where area homeowners can gather valuable information and resources on a full range of home improvement products and services. Featuring exhibits by leading trades people, builders, artisans and designers in the Litchfield, Dutchess and Berkshire regions, Historic Home Marketplace is sponsored by the Prindle Insurance Company and will take place Saturday, July 2, from 10 am to 4 pm on the grounds of the Sharon Historical Society at 18 Main Street.

Historic Home Marketplace will showcase more than 30 exhibitors representing old world trades as well as newer technologies and applications in the home improvement industry. Specialties include interior design to lighting, roofing to flooring, painting to plaster and much more. In addition to gathering expert advice, homeowners can attend artisan demonstrations, participate in free family activities, and take self-guided tours through several historic homes near the Town Green.

Tickets to Marketplace are $20 per person including the House Tours. Exhibitor tent tickets, which include admission to the demonstration tent will be available for $10 per person. Children under 12 are free. All profits from Historic Home Marketplace will benefit the operating budget of the Sharon Historic Society.

This first-time, innovative event for the area will kick off on Friday, July 1, from 6 to 8 pm, with a Grand Opening Party. Open to the public, the fundraising event is a chance to preview the exhibit and meet the experts while enjoying cocktails and light fare. Tickets to the party, sponsored by Mr. And Mrs. Neil McCarthy, are $35 per person and may be reserved by calling the Sharon Historical Society at 860-364-5688.

"In the past, record crowds have been drawn to the Sharon Historical Society's Fourth of July holiday weekend events, and we anticipate an even greater interest in Marketplace, where homeowners can find a full range of experts to field all those perplexing home related questions - and the right person to solve their problems!," said Liz Shapiro, Executive Director, Sharon Historical Society. "Whether you're renovating or redecorating your historic home, or looking to remodel your contemporary home, please come to Historic Home Marketplace and bring the whole family!"

A highlight at the Historic Home Marketplace will be a series of workshops in the Northwest Lumber Marketplace Demo Tent, where artisans will demonstrate techniques such as iron forging, timber framing, decorative painting, decorative plastering, and masonry, among other trades. Technique demonstrations will run every half hour throughout the day.

Over the course of the day, Marketplace will offer free family activities including workshops in assembling and painting Bird Houses, and a Tom Sawyer Fence Painting project. For these activities, local building and painting companies have donated their time and materials and will offer instructional guidance. Children of all ages are welcome to participate with parental supervision.

Also on Saturday, July 2, the Sharon Historical Society will offer self-guided tours through several of Sharon's stately historic homes near the Town Green. Homes selected for the House Tours will offer a glimpse into a recently renovated or reconstructed period house.

 

New & Noteworthy

Dig into the Past at SHS

On September 9, 1840, Ann Eliza Millard aged ten years old completed work on a needlework sampler. On June 12, 2002, the Sharon Historical Society purchased this sampler for our museum collection. At the time of acquisition, museum staff did some basic research on Ann Eliza. We suspect she was born between 1826 and 1830 in Sharon, she may have married Cornelius Skiff (doesn't that sound mysterious?), but it isn't clear in the historical records. Miss Millard is one of the many Sharon women who have been buried in the mists of Sharon's past. We would love to find out more about the ten-year old Ann Eliza. If you are interested in helping us out, give us a call (364-5688) or send an e-mail (director@sharonhist.org). We will be happy to publish the results of any research...this would make a great thesis for those students out there!

Tea Set Wanted

The Sharon Historical Society would like to acquire one or two china tea sets for use in programs such as the SHS Valentine's Day Tea. While we would love to have a set that includes teapot, sugar, creamer, small plates and cups and saucers, it's not necessary to have all pieces. We would like to be able to set the table for 25 and will definitely consider mixing and matching sets. If you think you might have an appropriate service to donate, call Liz or Janet at (860) 364-5688 or e-mail to: director@sharonhist.org.

Sharon, CT and Amenia, NY in the Civil War...A Compilation

The American Civil War, or the "War Between the States" remains one of the most provocative events in American history. As students, we learn about the economic conflict between the North and the South. We learn about the horrors of slavery and the triangle trade, about Lincoln, the abolitionists and the Emancipation Proclamation. If we're lucky, we learn about the antecedents of the anti-slavery movement, the individual battles, the scourge of yellow journalism and the names of the many high ranking officials on both sides of the conflict.

The Civil War, is, however, a personal war. It is difficult to imagine a town on the US map in 1860 that did not send soldiers or funds, publish a newspaper with pointed opinions, or suffer a casualty. The town of Sharon is no exception, its Civil War story closely linked to that of Amenia, New York. Throughout the years, with the help of interested volunteers and such fascinating books as Diary of an Enlisted Man, by Laurence Van Alstyne, (a book that chronicles Van Alstyne's own Civil War journey), the Historical Society has been accumulating information. This information is used regularly by teachers at the Sharon Center School to provide a local link, and through it, a sense of connection to the past for Sharon's young people.

There is a need for more. The town of Amenia has recently accomplished some stellar research into its role in the Civil War, in preparation for its Civil War encampment on September 18th at the restored schoolhouse in Amenia. We would like to pursue a similar project. Have you been fascinated by the Civil War since you were a kid? Do you like to work independently and on your own schedule? SHS is looking for one or two people who would like to put together a comprehensive picture of Sharon's role in the war. Some of the work could be started in the SHS archives. Some might be done in the Town Hall. Much of it could probably be done via the Internet and by making connections with the Connecticut State Library and the Connecticut Historical Society. This research will provide the basis of new curriculum units for Sharon students. Help us make history relevant, contact Liz Shapiro at (860) 364-5688 or via e-mail at director@sharonhist.org.

Amenia's Civil War History

[Reprinted with permission. Amenia Historical Society. By John Quinn.]

When southern guns fired on Fort Sumter in the spring of 1861, opening the war between the states, Union forces numbered some 180,000. By the time the war was over some four years later, more than two-and-a half million men were enlisted in the ranks of the Northern cause.

It was largely through state volunteers that the Union Army grew to this strength. The 150th Regiment New York Volunteer Infantry was among the units formed in response to the July 2, 1862, proclamation of President Abraham Lincoln, calling for military enlistments by means of quotas to be filled by each town.

While there were nearly 50 Amenia men who enlisted in the 150th Dutchess County Regiment in the summer of 1862, the Fountain Square Memorial includes the names of more than 100 Amenia Civil War veterans. In addition to the 150th volunteers, there were local enlisters in the 128th Regiment from Columbia County and other New York state units.

In answer to the president's call, New York Gov. Edwin D. Morgan appointed a General War Committee to marshal the men of Dutchess and Columbia counties. The endorsement of the Poughkeepsie Eagle reflected the local support of the idea of a local volunteer regiment. Within a matter of weeks, 10 companies were organized and John H. Ketcham of Dover Plains was commissioned colonel of the 150th New York Infantry.

Ketcham, a young, prosperous farmer, attended the Amenia Seminary after completing his early grades at the local Dover School. His leadership qualities led to his election to the County Board of Supervisors and then to the New York State Legislature-all by the age of 23.

The call to arms found ready ears among the young men of the area and enlistment centers were set up in the principal towns throughout Dutchess County.

All able-bodied men between the ages of 18 and 45 were eligible to enlist after a thorough physical examination. Each recruit received a bounty of $50 upon being sworn in. Generally, those enrolling from the same town were assigned to the same company, like in the case of Amenia, Company A.

While most of the men signing up for three years or the duration of the war were around 20 years old, a few Amenia recruits were in their 40s, even as old as 46. A number of 15-year-old boys enrolled as musicians.

A private's pay was $13 a month with an allowance for uniforms and rations. Noncommissioned officers received a little more at pay call.

Commenting on the success of the enlistment drive, Capt. Henry Alger Gildersleeve, commander of one of the companies, wrote in the regimental history: "Not only was the spirit of patriotism fully awakened, but home pride became thoroughly aroused in the breasts of citizens of the county and martial enthusiasm reached its climax."

After recruitment and organization of the companies, the troops set up temporarily at Camp Dutchess in Poughkeepsie. In October, the regiment boarded the steamboat Oregon to sail down the Hudson for Jersey City, where they entrained for Baltimore. It was there the regiment was drilled in military matters and evolved into a fighting unit.

During the months of training at Camp Belger in Baltimore, successes of the Confederate forces threatened the nation's capital in Washington and the 150th got involved in several minor skirmishes. But it wasn't until late June 1863 that the regiment, some 600 strong, marched out of Baltimore, heading west to Pennsylvania for its initiation into battle as part of the Army of the Potomac at Gettyburg.

After Gettysburg, the regiment went South to Tennessee where it was detailed to guard railroads for the winter season, keeping the Union Army supply line open.

In the spring of 1864, members of the Army of the Cumberland (XX Corps), the 150th, became part of Sherman's campaign for Atlanta. They began their march April 26, 1864, and entered Atlanta September 2. After the fall of Atlanta, the unit went on the famous march to the sea and spent Christmas in Savannah, Ga. The regiment then was part of the Carolinas Campaign of 1865. Its last battle was at Averasboro, N.C., March 16, 1865. The regiment was also present at the Battle of Bentonville, March 20, 1865.

After the surrender of Joseph Johnston, the regiment marched back to Washington, D.C., where it was part of the Grand Review in May 1865. By then, the soldiers had marched from Tullahoma, Tenn., through Georgia, South and North Carolina and Virginia before returning to Washington, covering some 1,400 miles on foot. The original regiment was mustered out of service in June 1865.

Sharon During the Civil War

 

One of the poignant ways to learn about the Civil War is through the thousands of letters and diaries that were kept by soldiers in every station of service. A tremendous resource for those interested in Sharon's part in the war is Lawrence Van Alstyne's book, Diary of an Enlisted Man, a collection of diary entries kept by the author during his service between 1862 and 1864. Mention is made throughout the book of several Sharon men, including John Loucks, great-grandfather of Bob Loucks. Several copies of Diary of an Enlisted Man are in the collection of the Historical Society, and are available to peruse for those who are interested.

The following is an excerpt from Diary of an Enlisted Man. Van Alstyne enlisted in Millerton and arrived at Camp Millington, Maryland, in September of 1862 with his regiment, Company B, 128th New York State Regiment, after an exhausting journey south. The following entries include a description of the camp, and some passages following news of the battle at Antietam.

September 10, 1862 Camp Millington. We were too tired last night to look about and see where we were. This morning we were ourselves again, and began to take stock of our surroundings. We are in a newly seeded field, sloping generally to the east, though the Upper part of it is nearly level. The place is called Millington, so we have named our camp, "Camp Millington." We pitched our tents in such a hurry that it had not a very orderly appearance, and after breakfast we divided up into companies, and each has tried to beat the other in slicking up. We have quite an extended view. Towards the east we can see for miles across a sandy plain clear to the waters of Chesapeake Bay. Baltimore lies to the north. In other directions little but trees can be seen. Right in front runs a large brook, which turns the wheels of a flour mill, from which loads of flour are constantly being taken. Back of the mill, and not far from it, runs a railroad, said to the be the Baltimore and Ohio. All day long, trains have been running, and the most of them loaded with soldiers. Some go towards Baltimore and some the other way. If I knew what it all means I would tell, but we are all strangers to the place and there is no use asking questions. Guards are posted on every side of us, and outside of that another line of guards called pickets are posted. We were called up and talked to by Major Parker. A whole lot of rules were given out, which, if they are observed, will make the 128th a model regiment and each member of it a gentleman. I have sewed on my corporal stripes to-day, having carried them in my pocket until now. The only difference I have yet found out between a corporal and a private soldier is that a corporal does not have to stand guard. If we are really going to stay here I expect the next thing will be learning how to march, taking up the lesson where we left off in Hudson. From the way the regiment that escorted us through Baltimore handled themselves, I can see we have a whole lot to learn yet.

October 7, 1862 Tuesday. On duty at a place called "Monitor Mills." Have three men with me. It is only a little way out of camp, and all we have to do is stay here for twenty-four hours, and change the guard every two hours. I have no idea why it is, but it is fun compared to drilling, and I am glad to be here. A soldier has just gone from here who was in the battle of Antietam. He filled us full of tall stories, some of them so tall they would hardly go down. But if the half he said is true, we know little of real soldiering. Life in camp, he says, is a picnic compared with field duty. If he was as good at fighting as he is at talking about it, the Rebellion should have been squelched long ago. He made me think of some men I know, who can hardly wait to get at the Rebs, and yet who have managed to shirk everything they can in the way of duty or danger.

October 10, 1862 Friday. The air is full of rumors to-day that we are to go somewhere, and that very soon, yet no one seems to be able to trace them. Experience has taught us that we won't know for certain when we go until we start, nor where we go until we get there. Train-loads of soldiers keep going past, and have been going past nearly every day since we came here. Seems to me I never saw such a dry place. Everything is so coated with dust it is impossible to tell its original color. From appearances, the country all about us is dried up and dead. A wounded soldier has been here from the hospital. He was at Antietam-was shot through the arm, which is still in a sling. But the most wonderful thing was that as he was going off the field another ball hit him, or rather hit a pocket Testament in his breast pocket, and was stopped against the back cover, after going through the front cover and the rest of the book. He had both the ball and the Testament to show. What a sermon could be preached with that book and bullet for a text!

If your interest is piqued, come by the Historical Society and we will be happy to tempt you further!

The Book Corner.......by Janet Nickson

Think back to when you were about twelve years old. Did you keep a diary or journal jam packed with all kinds of daily news, emotions, opinions, gossip, and possibly illustrations? Did you hide it? Do you have it? It could still be where you put it, especially if you hid it well. Find it, read it, and see if you have saved a piece of your history (our history). I found a diary, not hidden, over in the children's reading room of the Hotchkiss Library of Sharon that I hope you will take out as soon as I return it. Kept for only one year, by a young girl living in the Morningside district of NYC in 1912, Anne Elizabeth Rector leaves a lasting impression. She was an artistic child who filled her diary with a year's worth of activity and illustrations to punctuate her experiences and reactions to them. Fortunately for those of us who come upon her entries, we find the book infused with historic background revealing political and social moods and edicts of her time. The author's plan obviously attracts an ageless audience. It's the perfect book to read together, older generation with younger, and then go on to share special moments in your own family's history. Get out the photo albums and explore the trunks in the attic. The diarist's grandchild, Catherine, came upon the diary and decided to open it up for a larger audience than Anne Elizabeth could possibly have realized. Photographs are included and we are brought in to the life of a talented artist who was nurtured and encouraged by her parents, followed her dreams, and honed her talents to successfully carry her family through tumultuous years, including WWI and the Depression. Look for Anne Elizabeth's Diary, A Young Artist's True Story, with additional text by author Kathleen Krull upon collaboration with Anne Elizabeth's grand daughter, Catherine Chermayeff, who after one hundred years can see her grandmother's talents in herself and her own two daughters who love to spell, ice skate, and select new clothes. For any who may be inspired to keep a diary, the book offers some valuable tips. Remember, too, that your life is a gift for you to enjoy and appreciate. When you keep a diary you are extending that gift to the future. Here, in Sharon, your diary may one day end up in the Sharon Historical Society so fill it with your feelings, reactions to the time in which you live, illustrations, and photography. Of course, you can just hide it and perhaps one hundred years from now . . .

Collections Connection ... by Marge McAvoy

Snake Oil at the SHS!

The ability of humans to be duped into believing what they want to believe goes back to the dawn of mankind. Quackery is nothing new. But in the late 19th century, with the industrial revolution introducing new products to the market at a rapid rate, a pair of doctors in Philadelphia took advantage of the increasing naivete of the general public about the truths of medicine, in particular the practice of Oxygen Therapy.

Dr. G. R. Starkey and Dr. G. E. Palen published in 1882 a 182 page book entitled Compound Oxygen - Its Mode of Action and Results. The book persuaded readers to purchase a compound oxygen inhalation kit, available from - who else - Drs. Starkey & Palen. Using all the tricks of the advertising trade, the doctors created an impressive looking inhaler kit, delivered in an elegantly designed wooden box. We have two in our collection here.

Obviously targeting the well-to-do, the picture on one box depicts a well dressed and bejeweled lady holding a fan in one hand and an inhaler of "Oxygenaqua" in the other. The background shows more equally well dressed people entering an attractive, 3-story building complete with a wrought iron fence and lace curtains in the windows - no doubt the fancy Philadelphia facilities of Drs. Starkey & Palen. The second box in our collection has the remnants of a label inside the lid, listing the ingredients for two months supply of the "Home Treatment kit", including a "cobalt blue bottle of inhaling fluid, a white bottle of oxygen, the inhaler, and tubes". (Does this bring to mind the present day cobalt blue bottle of healthful mineral water available in fine stores everywhere?)

The savvy doctors were sufficiently vague in the description of their product. "It is difficult to declare just what our 'Compound Oxygen' is. That it contains the elements of the atmosphere we can prove to anyone capable of appreciating the value of chemical tests....the oxygen is magnetized; which gives it the quality know by scientists as 'Ozone'. This can be proved by applying the well-recognized tests of ozone to the contents of our gasometer." The gullible public obviously bought it, because by 1885, Oxygen Therapy was being touted by other doctors for a mind-boggling number of ailments. One list from a Chicago practitioner contains over 40 conditions that would respond to OT, ranging from indigestion, headache, insomnia and hysteria to diphtheria, cholera, tetanus, ulcers, diabetes, leukemia and epilepsy! Our modern ad writers are clearly following an old precedent.

Fortunately, however, there were a number of other doctors willing to expose these snake oil salesmen. Writing in 1886, Dr. Samuel S. Wallian minced no words about the oxygen charlatans and their products. "...none of them contain any free oxygen, beyond the inconsiderable quantity always found in common water. They consist generally of weak aqueous solutions of nitrates of lead and ammonium, some also adding chlorate of potash. The clew that these solutions are 'the chemical solutions in which we have been able, after long and carefully conducted experiments, to hold this magnetized(!) substance,' etc., is the quintessence of bosh. The exercise of a grain of chemical common sense will forever set at rest any doubt as to whether possibly there might not be some virtue, some undeveloped 'secret' behind all this pretentious nonsense." A Dr. C. E. Ehinger wrote in 1888 that "there is no such thing as compound oxygen. The handling of the substance bearing this name has been confined almost entirely to persons without any knowledge of medicine or other qualifications requisite to the administration of such an agent. It has been advertised in an unprofessional, not to say unprincipled, manner".

Battling back, Dr. J. H. Kellogg, Superintendent of the Medical and Surgical Sanitarium in Michigan, wrote in the Journal of the American Medical Association, an article in support of oxygen enemas. He claimed that the direct administration of oxygen into body tissue was vital. "That this is not merely a theoretical conclusion, or a deduction of physiological chemistry, is evidenced by the prodigious digestive powers of the woodsman and the mountaineer, and the correspondingly feeble digestive ability of the persons of sluggish or sedentary habits."

The good Dr. Wallian countered again in 1890, with an article bluntly titled Sources of Failure in the Use of Oxygen. He in turn was immediately rebutted by other apparently reputable doctors and the battle raged on with discussions about the ingredients, the methods of administration and the varying degrees of success and failure in the treatments.

Eventually, of course, the use of Oxygen Therapy disappeared from the medical world, only to be replaced by other equally suspect remedies for the ailments of gullible consumers. One has only to look at the advertisements in today's (insert tabloid name here) to find a potion promising miraculous cures for the most insidious diseases. Some things never change, and snake oil charlatans are certainly among them!

Today, occasional evidence of the uses of Oxygen Therapy can be found perhaps on EBay or local tag sales, where OxygenAqua trading cards may sometimes be spotted! But the SHS is the proud owner of not one, but two, Compound Oxygen inhaler kits. We hope you will stop by to see them sometime.

Source: website of the Lakeside Press.